Electroacupuncture in Treatment of Acute Gastrointestinal Injury in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate whether electroacupuncture (EA) would improve gastrointestinal function and clinical prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) complicocted by acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).@*METHODS@#This multicenter, single-blind trial included patients with TBI and AGI admitted to 5 Chinese hospitals from September 2018 to December 2019. A total of 500 patients were randomized to the control or acupuncture groups using a random number table, 250 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment, including mannitol, nutritional support, epilepsy and infection prevention, and maintenance of water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. While patients in the acupuncture group received EA intervention at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39), Tianshu (ST 25), and Zhongwan (RN 12) acupoints in addition to the conventional treatment, 30 min per time, twice daily, for 7 d. The primary endpoint was 28-d mortality. The secondary endpoints were serum levels of D-lactic acid (D-lac), diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), bowel sounds, abdominal circumference, AGI grade, scores of gastrointestinal failure (GIF), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), mechanical ventilation time, intense care unit (ICU) stay, and the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia.@*RESULTS@#The 28-d mortality in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the control group (22.80% vs. 33.20%, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the acupuncture group at 7 d showed lower GIF, APACHE II, SOFA, MODS scores, D-lac, DAO, LPS, IAP, and abdominal circumference and higher GCS score, MTL, GAS, and bowel sound frequency (all P<0.05). In addition, the above indices showed simillar changes at 7 d compared with days 1 and 3 (all P<0.05) in the EA group.@*CONCLUSION@#Early EA can improve gastrointestinal function and clinical prognosis in patients with severe TBI complicated by AGI. (Registration No. ChiCTR2000032276).

Value of S100A8 in evaluating the prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association between S100A8 expression and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 377 children with ALL who were treated with the CCLG-2008-ALL regimen were retrospectively reviewed. ELISA and PCR were used to measure serum protein levels and mRNA expression of S100A8. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and a Cox regression analysis was also performed.@*RESULTS@#The children were followed up for 56 months, and the overall survival rate of the 377 children was 89.1%. The prednisone good response group had significantly lower S100A8 protein and mRNA levels than the prednisone poor response group (P<0.01). In the children with standard or median risk, both S100A8 protein and mRNA levels were associated with event-free survival rate (P<0.05). There were significant differences in S100A8 protein and mRNA levels between the children with different risk stratifications (P<0.01). The children who experienced events had significantly higher S100A8 protein and mRNA levels than those who did not (P<0.01). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox regression model suggested that S100A8 overexpression was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of children with ALL.@*CONCLUSIONS@#High S100A8 expression may be associated with the poor prognosis of children with ALL and is promising as a new marker for individualized precise treatment of children with ALL.

Effect of electro-acupuncture at zusanli (ST36) on the expression of ghrelin and HMGB1 in the small intestine of sepsis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of Ghrelin and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in the serum and the intestinal tissue of sepsis model rats, and to evaluate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of HMGB1 and Ghrelin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the sham-operation (sham), the cecal ligation and puncture group (CLP), the CLP + EA at Zusanli (ST36) group (EA), and the CLP + Ghrelin receptor blocking agent + EA group (GHSRA), 12 in each group. A sepsis rat model was prepared by CLP. The incision of the abdominal wall was immediately sutured along the ventral midline for rats in the Sham group. In the EA group EA at Zusanli (ST36) was performed 20 min after CLP surgery with the constant voltage (2 - 100 Hz, 2 mA) for 30 min. In the GHSRA group, Ghrelin receptor blocking agent, [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp79, Leu11]-substance P (700 nmol/kg), was administered through intravenous injection immediately after CLP, and 20 min later, EA at Zusanli (ST36) was performed in the same way as for rats in the EA group. Blood samples were withdrawn 12 h after CLP. The serum levels of Ghrelin and HMGB1 were detected using ELISA. Ghrelin expressions and the number of Ghrelin immunopositive cell in the jejunum were determined by immunohistochemistry. HMGB1 contents of the jejunum tissue were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the Sham group, the number of serum immunopositive cells and the expression of HMGB1 in the jejunum tissue significantly increased and levels of Ghrelin and the expression rate of immunopositive cells significantly decreased in the CLP group (P < 0.05). Compared with the CLP group, the number of serum immunopositive cells and the expression of HMGB1 in the jejunum tissue significantly decreased, but levels of Ghrelin and the expression rate of immunopositive cells significantly increased in the EA group (P < 0.05). Compared with the EA group, the number of serum immunopositive cells and the expression of HMGB1 in the jejunum tissue significantly increased in the GHSRA group (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in levels of Ghrelin between the two groups (P > 0.05). The serum level of HMGB1 was negatively correlated with Ghrelin in the Sham group, the CLP group, and the EA group (r = -0. 528, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EA at Zusanli (ST36) could inhibit the expression of HMGB1 in the jejunum of septic rats, and promote the expression of Ghrelin. The expression of HMGB1 was inhibited by Ghrelin receptor blocking agent, which suggested that the anti-inflammation of EA at Zusanli (ST36) might be associated with Ghrelin.</p>

Impacts of electroacupuncture on intestinal permeability in sepsis patients / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture on sepsis and explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty cases were randomized into an observation group (26 cases) and a control group (24 cases). The therapeutic programs of anti-infection, anti-shock, respiratory support and nutritional support were provided, but the drugs that might affect gastrointestinal motility were not prescribed in two groups. In the observation group, on the basic treatment as above, electroacupuncture was applied to Zusanli (ST 36), Tianshu (ST 25), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39). The excretion ratio of lactulose to mannitol (L/M) in urine and serum D-lactic acid level were detected before and after treatment, as well as the time of target feeding of the patients in two groups. The efficacy was compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment for 3 days, L/M was (0.083 +/- 0.020) and serum D-lactic acid was (0.155 +/- 0.196) mmol/L in the observation group, which were apparently reduced as compared with (0.123 +/- 0.034) and (0.193 +/- 0.377) mmol/L in the control group respectively (both P < 0.05). The time of target feeding was (93.69 +/- 27.58) h in the observation group, which was shortened apparently than (118.17 +/- 40.28) h in the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 80.8% (21/26) in the observation group, which was better than 54.2% (13/24) in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Conventional treatment combined with electroacupuncture can improve intestinal permeability in sepsis patients, recover intestinal function as quickly as possible to achieve target feeding.</p>

The effect and mechanism of neutralizing heat shock protein B6 antibody on tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cell / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells is a primary link during angiogenesis.Studies showed that heat shock protein B6 (HspB6) promotes the secretion of multiple angiogenesis-related factors and therefore leads to neovascularization.Understanding the effects of neutralizing HspB6 antibody on the biological behavior of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells has an important significance in the target treatment of choroidal neovacularization diseases.Objective This study was to address the role and mechanism of neutralizing HspB6 antibody in tube formation of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells.Methods Human choroidal vascular endothelial cell line was normally cultured and harvested for total RNA extraction.Expressions of HspB6 mRNA and protein in human choroidal vascular endothelial cells were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM).The cells were seeded on 96-well plate covered with matrigel at the density of 2×104/hole.Then the neutralizing HspB6 antibody at the concentration of 100 μg/Land 500 μg/L was added into the medium respectively,and the control cells were set without the addition of HspB6 antibody.The number of capillary tubes was calculated 12 hours after culture by three-dimensional matrigel assay.In addition,0,50,100,500 μg/L of neutralizing HspB6 antibody were added into the cell medium separately for 24hours,cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was employed to assay the inhibitory rate(IR) of the cells.Transwell test was used to count the cell number across chamber membrane for the evaluation of migration ability of the cells.The apoptosis of the cells was assayed by FCM.Results Both HspB6 mRNA and protein were expressed on human choroidal vascular endothelial cells.The number of capillary tube formation of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells was (67.25±5.75),(60.39±6.41) and (39.76±10.73) /field in the 0,100 and 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody groups,with significant difference among them (F =10.210,P =0.012),and the tube number was significantly less in the 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group compared with 0 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 group (P =0.005).The IR of neutralizing HspB6 antibody to the cellular proliferation and migration was enhanced with the increases of concentration and time lapse(Fconcentration =7.485,P =0.002 ; Ftime =16.684,P =0.001).The number of the cells through Transwell chamber membrane was 14.0 ± 2.5,11.1 ± 0.8,6.6 ± 0.1,6.7 ± 0.2 in the 0,50,100,500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group respectively,and that in the 100 μg/L and 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group was lessened in comparison with the 0 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group(both at P=0.000).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (22.73 ± 2.53)％ in the neutralizing HspB6 antibody group,which was significantly lower than (13.33±2.08) ％ of the control group (t=4.967,P=0.008).Conclusions Neutralizing HspB6 antibody inhibits capillary tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells in vitro in dose-and timedependent manner,probably through suppressing the proliferation and migration and promoting the apoptosis of choroidal endothelial cells.

Cohort study of hyperbaric oxygention (HBO) in controlling hypermyotonia caused by spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygention (HBO) in treating hypermyotonia caused by spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to April 2011, 80 patients with hypermyotonia caused by SCI were divided into treatment group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. There were 49 males and 31 females with an average age of (34.12 +/- 6.61) years (ranged, 17 to 60) in the study. Course of disease was from 14 to 30 d with an average of (20.16 +/- 5.08) d. The patients of the treatment group were treated with HBO, rehabilitation exercise and baclofen medication. With pressure of HBO was 2ATA, the treatment project including mask oxygen-inspiration for 20 minutes and resting 5 min, repeating 3 circulations as once, once every day and 10 times as a course of treatment, a total of 6 courses. In the control group, the patients were only treated with rehabilitation exercise and baclofen medication. Course of treatment was same with treatment group. The muscular tensions of patients were evaluated according to method of Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) at 3 courses and 6 courses after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 courses of treatment,5 cases were effective in treatment group and 4 cases were effective in control group. There was no significant difference between two groups. After 6 courses of treatment, 24 cases were effective and 5 cases were obvious effective in treatment group; 14 cases were effective and 2 cases were obvious effective in control group. Clinical effect of treatment group was better than that of control group after 6 courses of treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBO was effective to controlling hypermyotonia caused by SCI, it can be used widely as a routine adjuvant therapy in clinic, but adequate course of treatment is necessary.</p>

Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Right Heart Involvement—A Report of 4 Cases and Literature Review / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign neoplasm which originates from the smooth muscle cells and is usually confined to the pelvic venous system.Rarely,intracaval and intracardiac extension has been described.Death can occur as a result of intracardiac involvement.We reported 4 cases of IVL with right heart inyolvement (intracardiac leiomyomatosis,ICL).Three of them suffered recurrent sudden syncope,and the other one was totally asymptomatic.All of them were successfully treated through one-stage operation under extracorporeal circulation.

A new artemisinin derivative SM1044 induces apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells and its mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of artemisinin derivative SM1044 on Kasumi-1 cells and its possible mechanism. Kasumi-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of SM1044, the cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were assessed by using flow cytometry with Annexin-V/PI double staining and flow cytometry with PI staining respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase 3, PARP and the fusion protein AML1-ETO were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that SM1044 inhibited cell growth of Kasumi-1 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. After exposure of Kasumi-1 cells to 1 µmol/L SM1044 for 24 hours, the cell viability was decreased to 50%. IC(50) of SM1044 to Kasumi-1 cells at 48 hours was 0.17 ± 0.067 µmol/L. SM1044 induced cell apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner, and the apoptotic rate of Kasumi-1 cells increased as SM1044 concentration increased. Flow cytometry with PI staining revealed that SM1044 induced cell cycle arrest, and the proportion of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase increased from 58.33 ± 4.46% to 71.75 ± 2.24% after exposure to 5 µmol/L SM1044 for 24 hours. Western blot showed that SM1044 increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cPARP and cleaved caspase 3 and also degraded the AML1-ETO fusion protein. It is concluded that SM1044 can inhibit the proliferation of Kasumi-1 cells, induce cell apoptosis which may be related to the increased level of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3. SM1044 can also induce cell arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase. As the fusion protein AML1-ETO degrades obviously, it can be the potential target of SM1044 in Kasumi-1 cells.

Effect of arsenic trioxide on induction of apoptosis in MCL cell line and its possible mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on proliferation and apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines and the underlying mechanisms of the apoptosis. MCL cell lines (jeko-1, mino, JVM-2) were treated with different concentrations of ATO, then growth profile of these cells were detected by MTT. Apoptosis of ATO-treated jeko-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of ATO-treated jeko-1 cells were detected by FCM with DiOC₆(3) staining. The expressions of cyclin D1 and apoptosis related proteins MCL-1, BCL-2, PUMA, NOXA, cCaspase-3 (cleaved caspase-3), cCaspase-9 (cleaved caspase-9), cPARP (cleaved PARP) were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that ATO inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis of MCL cells and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. ATO could decrease expressions of MCL-1, PUMA and cyclin D1, increase expressions of cPARP, cCaspase-3, cCaspase-9 and the expressions of BLC-2 and NOXA were not changed. It is concluded that ATO can induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis of MCL cells. The mitochondrial pathway plays a very important role in cell apoptosis.

Mechanism ud protection of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli points(足三星穴) on the apoptosis of thymocytes in rats with severe abdominal infection / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To study the influence of electro-acupuncture(EA)at Zusanli points(足三里穴) on the apoptosis of thymocytes in rats with abdominal infection and its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups,including normal control group,model group,non-acupoint group and Zusanli group.The abdominal infection model of rat was made by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).After abdominal cavity infection for 36 hours,the apoptosis of thymocytes was observed under electron microscope and light microscope,and the apoptosis ratio of thymocytes was determined by Annexin V-PI method with flow cytometry technique.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes and concentration of corticosterone in plasma were determined.Results Abdominal infection resulted from CLP could significantly increase the apoptosis of thymocytes and lead to the typical histopathological changes of apoptosis of thymocytes under electron microscope and light microscope.Apoptosis ratios of thyrnocytes in model group[(44.7?3.3)%],non-acupoint group[(42.7?3.0)%]and Zusanli group[(32.6?3.3)%] were significantly higher than the ratio in the control group[(21.2?2.3)%,all P0.05).Abdominal infection resulted from CLP also could reduce the content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes in model group(71.2?5.6),non-acupoint group(73.5?5.9)and Zusanli group(82.4?6.8) were significantly lower than normal control group(95.3?6.3,all P